2种保鲜处理对草莓的贮藏效果研究

为解决草莓采后果实腐烂变质问题,将草莓置于甘草提取液、乳酸钙溶液、蒸馏水中浸泡1 min,取出晾干后常温贮藏,比较3组草莓失重率、腐烂率、可溶性糖、维生素C含量、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性的变化。与对照组相比,贮藏7天后,甘草提取液组草莓失重率降低34.72%、腐烂率降低31.56%、可溶性糖含量提高99.10%、维生素C含量提高154.55%、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性提高206.24%,乳酸钙处理和甘草提取液保鲜效果没有显著差异(P>0.05)。实验期内,2种处理方法均可提高草莓保鲜效果。     

The interaction between temperature and dose on the efficacy and biochemical response of Atlantic salmon to hydrogen peroxide treatment for amoebic gill disease

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a commonly used treatment for a range of parasitic diseases of marine finfish, including amoebic gill disease (AGD). While this treatment is partially effective at reducing parasite load, H₂O₂ can have detrimental effects on the host under certain conditions. Treatment temperature and dose concentration are two factors that are known to influence the toxicity of H₂O₂; however, their impact on the outcome of AGD treatment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment temperature (8, 12 or 16°C) and dose concentration (750, 1,000, 1,250 mg/L) on the efficacy of H₂O₂ to treat AGD. We demonstrated that a 20-min bath treatment of H₂O₂ at all doses reduced both parasite load and gross gill score significantly. Parasite load and gross gill score were lowest in the 1,000 mg/L treatment performed at 12°C. At the high dose and temperature combinations, H₂O₂ caused moderate gill damage and a significant increase in the plasma concentration of electrolytes (sodium, chloride and potassium). Taken together, our study demonstrates that higher H₂O₂ treatment temperatures can adversely affect the host and do not improve the effectiveness of the treatment.     

木质素磺酸盐碱性过氧化氢降解及结构表征

通过表征受碱性过氧化氢降解的木质素磺酸盐,探索高效低耗的木质素降解条件。木质素磺酸盐与含有H2O2的0.5、1.0、2.0 mol/L的NaOH溶液分别在90、170℃下反应2 h。结果表明:碱性过氧化氢处理后木质素磺酸盐的Mw(重均相对分子质量)和Mn(数均相对分子质量)降低,而在170℃,1 mol/L NaOH溶液条件下获得最大程度的降解。木质素磺酸盐的相对分子质量在降解后分布相对集中,这表明木质素磺酸盐可直接用于开发木质素基材料而无需进一步分离。用碱性过氧化氢降解后,甲氧基摩尔分数降低。在170℃、2 mol/L NaOH溶液条件下4步加入过氧化氢,降解得到的木质素甲氧基摩尔分数下降57.4%。碱性硝基苯氧化的结果也表明在170℃下用2 mol/L NaOH溶液和4步添加H2O2处理后会得到最低的香草醛和香草酸产率,表明该条件下非浓缩的木质素结构被有效破坏。FTIR结果显示木质素的芳香结构消失。木质素磺酸盐利用碱性过氧化物降解,最佳条件是在2 mol/L NaOH溶液和170℃条件下,分4步添加H2O2。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and ozone treatment on improving the malting quality

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ozone (O₃) treatment during barley steeping on the quality of malt produced from two barley varieties (GrangeR and AC Metcalfe) by micro-malting was investigated. The two steeping oxidation treatments that was observed to promote barley acrospire growth. Ozone treatment improved the malt enzyme activity of endo-protease, α-amylase, free beta-amylase and total limit dextrinase to differing extents, with GrangeR improving to a greater degree. HP treatment contributed to the increase of α-amylase, β-glucanase and endo-protease. Surprisingly, HP or ozone oxidation during malting resulted in different and novel outcomes for total beta-amylase in GrangeR and AC Metcalfe. In GrangeR, total beta-amylase activity reduced with respect to the control in both treatments. In comparison with AC Metcalfe there was a substantial increase of 78% with HP and 90% O₃ in total beta-amylase activity. Malt quality including wort free amino nitrogen, β-glucan, turbidity and diastatic power was differentially increased by the oxidation induction treatment during steeping in malting. Gene expression analysis indicated that the effects of the steep oxidation treatments on enzyme and malt quality were putatively linked with the up-regulation of certain genes involved in GA synthesis (GA20ox1) and ABA catabolism (ABA8′OH). Barley grain germination assay results also showed that moderate HP induction could improve barley germination tolerance to the ABA effect. Malting including steep oxidation induction was shown to be beneficial to malt quality by improving the resultant wort quality and the efficiency of the beer brewing process. These observations point the way towards improving malt quality and the efficiency of the malting process.     

Role of IP3R in LH-EGFR-induced mouse oocyte meiotic resumption

AIM: To explore the effect of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisposphate receptor (IP₃R) in luteinizing hormone-epidermal growth factor receptor (LH-EGFR)-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. METHODS: Models of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexs (COCs) culture and follicle culture in vitro were generated to study the effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) and heparin (IP₃R specific inhibitors) on LH/EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and EGF-induced cumulus cell expansion. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of cumulus expansion-related factors. The changes of the intracellular calcium level were monitored using Fluo 3-AM, and the cGMP level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The inhibitors of IP₃R, 2-APB and heparin, dramatically reversed EGF-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05) and decreased cGMP levels in COCs (P<0.05). In addition, 2-APB and heparin reversed EGF-induced cumulus expansion, and significantly inhibited EGF-induced cumulus expansion-related factor expression (P<0.05). The activation of IP₃R increased intracellular calcium level, and the study found that 2-APB and heparin dramatically reversed EGF-induced elevation of calcium level in cumulus cells (P<0.05). Follicular culture in vitro showed that 2-APB and heparin significantly reversed the LH-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LH-EGFR signaling pathway increases calcium level in cumulus cells through IP₃R, resulting in meiotic resumption.     

‘王林’苹果苦痘病的防治试验

近几年来‘王林’苹果苦痘病的发病率较高,为了探索防治办法,2018—2019年在瓦房店市驼山乡大魏村‘王林’苹果园进行施用“聚能螯合钙+硅”+生物有机肥试验。结果表明:第1年好果率达到90.2%,比对照提高15.0%;第2年分别为96.82%、22.23%。病果的病斑数也明显减少。     

稀土对山定子、红富士苹果树体与果实钙含量影响的研究

水培试验表明,稀土有平衡树体钙素营养的作用,在钙浓度低时,稀土能促进果树对钙的吸收,在钙浓度高时,可在一定程度上抑制果树对钙的吸收。田间喷钙可促进果树对氮、钙、锌的吸收,并增加果实中钙的浓度。稀土、钙混合液浸果可使果实中钙浓度增加0.165%,保鲜率比对照增加26%。     

施用"氰铵化钙"对紫花苜蓿生长效应的试验

对来自国内外的4个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种进行了“氰铵化钙”苗前除草剂的使用效果试验,主要对杂草的抑制率和增产效果进行了测定。结果表明,施用“氰铵化钙”对杂草有显著的抑制作用,尤其是对禾本科杂草抑制率均达69.7%以上;对各品种的增产效果也很显著,增产幅度达10.2%~28.2%,品种中以飞马的增产效果最明显。初步分析,“氰铵化钙”作为苗前除草剂用于苜蓿草生产,对苜蓿还有增产效果,因此值得推广应用。     

蓖麻蚕滞育与过氧化氢代谢的关系

为了探讨蓖麻蚕滞育的机理,研究了蓖麻蚕蛹H2O2代谢的变化,并比较了在5℃冷藏滞育条件下的差异。结果表明,常温环境蓖麻蚕蛹期的H2O2含量呈减少趋势,第3~5天急速变化,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在第5天出现活性峰,故蛹期第3~5天是蓖麻蚕生理变化的一个敏感时期。第3天开始蛹滞育条件5℃冷藏,雄蛹在30 d前后、雌蛹在80 d左右H2O2含量出现快速改变;SOD和CAT活性一直呈下降趋势,但自30 d开始CAT活性出现快速下降过程,5℃冷藏30 d是蓖麻蚕蛹H2O2代谢的临界期生理时间,这与蚕蛹的30 d冷藏阈值时间吻合。     

卡巴匹林钙水分测定法的改进

对《中国兽药典》中卡巴匹林钙的水分测定法进行了改进,从取样量、加入样品后的搅拌时间、二甲基甲酰胺与无水甲醇的比例、连续测定样品的份数、滴定杯中的溶剂使用量5个方面对现行标准方法进行了优化,解决了现行标准方法测定结果平行性差、无法真实反映产品质量等问题。通过与干燥失重法和气相色谱法的比较,验证了改进后方法的可靠性。还对现行标准方法问题产生的原因、实验的注意事项等进行了研究。